Testwiki:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Style-guideline ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Style This part of the Manual of Style helps editors to achieve consistency in the use and formatting of numbers, dates, times, measurements, currencies, and coordinates in Wikipedia articles. Consistency in style and formatting promotes clarity and cohesion; this is especially important within an article. The goal is to make the whole encyclopedia easier and more intuitive to use. Try to write so the text cannot be misunderstood, and take account of what is likely to be familiar to readers. The less that readers have to look up definitions, the easier the text will be to understand. Where this manual provides options, consistency should be maintained within an article unless there is a good reason to do otherwise. The Arbitration Committee has ruled that editors should not change an article from one guideline-defined style to another without a substantial reason unrelated to mere choice of style, and that revert-warring over optional styles is unacceptable. If discussion cannot determine which style to use in an article, defer to the style used by the first major contributor.

General notes

Quotations, titles, etc.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:See also Quotations, titles of books and articles, and similar "imported" text should be faithfully reproduced, even if they employ formats or units inconsistent with these guidelines or with other formats in the same article. If necessary, clarify via [bracketed interpolation], article text, or footnotes.

• It is acceptable to change other date formats in the same article to provide consistency, so long as those changes would otherwise be acceptable.

Non-breaking spaces

Guidance on the use of non-breaking spaces (also called "hard spaces"; markup: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T or  ) is given in some of the sections below, though not all situations in which nbsp may be appropriate are described. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T may also be useful in some situations. For further information see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link and Wikipedia:Line-break handling.

Chronological items

Statements likely to become outdated

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:See also Except on pages updated regularly (e.g. current events), terms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt should usually be avoided in favor of phrases such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. For future and current events, use phrases such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to signal the time-dependence of the information. Or (for example) ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlc will produce the text ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and adds the article to a category flagging it for periodic review. However, do not replace (for example) ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt with ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlc because some information (the start of 2005) would be lost; advanced features of ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlf such as {{as of|2005|alt=since the start of 2005}} can be used in such circumstances. Relative-time expressions are acceptable for very long periods, such as geological epochs: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Time of day

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut Context determines whether the 12- or 24-hour clock is used; in both, colons separate hours, minutes and seconds (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• 12-hour clock times end with dotted or undotted lower-case a.m. or p.m., or am or pm, preceded by a space (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). Hours denoted by a single digit should not have a leading zero (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). A hard space (see above) is advisable (2:30 pm or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlx). Use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt rather than ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt; whether midnight refers to the start or the end of a date will need to be specified unless it is clear from the context.
• 24-hour clock times have no a.m., p.m., noon or midnight suffix. Hours under 10 should have a leading zero (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt). ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt refers to midnight at the start of a date, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to noon, and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to midnight at the end of a date, but "24" should not be used for the first hour of the next day (e.g. use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt for ten minutes after midnight, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).

The numerical elements of times-of-day are figures (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) rather than words (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) though conventional terms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt are acceptable (taking care, with the latter, to avoid possible date ambiguity in constructions such as midnight on July 17).

Time zones

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:ShortcutGive dates and times appropriate to the time zone where an event took place. For example, the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor should be Decemberಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp7, 1941 (Hawaii time/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwspdate). Give priority to the place at which the event had its most significant effects; for example, if a hacker based in Japan attacked a Pentagon computer in the US, use the time zone for the Pentagon, where the attack had its effect. In some cases the best solution may be to add the date and time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). For example:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Alternatively, include just the UTC offset:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Rarely, the time zone in which a historical event took place has since changed; for example, China to 1949 was divided into five time zones, whereas all of modern China is UTC+8. Similarly, the term "UTC" is not appropriate for dates before this system was adopted in 1961; Universal Time (UT) is the appropriate term for the mean time at the prime meridian (Greenwich) when it is unnecessary to specify the precise definition of the time scale. Be sure to show the UTC or offset appropriate to the clock time in use at the time of the event, not the modern time zone, if they differ.

Dates and years

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut These requirements do not apply to dates in quotations or titles. Special rules apply to citations; see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link.

Formats

Date formats

Acceptable date formats

General use	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Small	Comments
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	A comma follows the year unless followed by other punctuation: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Unordered list
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Omit year only where there is no risk of ambiguity: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Unordered list
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
No equivalent for general use	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Use only with Gregorian dates between 1583 andಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp9999

• The routine linking of dates is deprecated. Dates should be linked only when they are germane to the subject, as discussed at ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link.
• For issues related to dates in sortable tables, see Date sorting problems or consider using ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap
• Phrases such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, but not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt are proper names, to which rules for dates do not apply (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Unacceptable date formats (except in external titles and quotes)

Acceptable	Unacceptable	Comments
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Small ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap	Do not use 1st, 2nd, 3rd,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspetc.
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not add a dot to theಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspday
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not "zero-pad" month or day, except in all-numeric ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not use separators other thanಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsphyphen
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap formats, as they are ambiguous for ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not use theseಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspformats
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	No comma between month andಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspyear
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Comma required between day andಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspyear
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Do not use an apostrophe to abbreviateಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspyear
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Roman numerals are not normally used forಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspdates
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Years and days of the month are not normally written inಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspwords
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt	Use "in the year" only where needed for clarity ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap

Note to table: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Reflist

Consistency

• Dates in article body text should all use the same format: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, but not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• Publication dates in an article's citations should all use the same format, which may be

• any format from the "Acceptable date formats" table, or
• formats required by the citation style being used.
• However, all-numeric date formats other than ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap must still be avoided.

For example, a single article might contain either:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, or

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

but not both:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, and

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

• Access and archive dates in an article's citations should all use the same format, which may be:

• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap, or
• the format used for publication dates in the article, or
• the format required for the citation style adopted in the article.

For example, a single article might contain either:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, or

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

but not more than one of:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt,

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, and

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

Strong national ties to a topic

• Articles on topics with strong ties to a particular English-speaking country should generally use the more common date format for that nation. For the United States, this is month before day; for most others, it is day before month. Articles related to Canada may use either format consistently.
• Sometimes the customary format differs from the usual national one: for example, articles on the modern US military use day before month, in accordance with military usage.

Retaining existing format

• If an article has evolved using predominantly one format, the whole article should conform to it, unless there are reasons for changing it based on strong national ties to the topic or consensus on article talk.
• The date format chosen by the first major contributor in the early stages of an article should continue to be used, unless there is reason to change it based on strong national ties to the topic or consensus on article talk.
• Where an article has shown no clear sign of which format is used, the first person to insert a date is equivalent to "the first major contributor".

Era style

• The default calendar era is the Western Dionysian era system, a year numbering system also known as the Western Christian era (represented by ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), or the Common Era (represented by ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
  • BC and AD are the traditional ways of referring to this era. BCE and CE are common in some scholarly texts and religious writings. Either convention may be appropriate.
    • Do not change the established era style in an article unless there are reasons specific to its content. Seek consensus on the talk page before making the change. Open the discussion under a subhead that uses the word "era". Briefly state why the style is inappropriate for the article in question. A personal or categorical preference for one era style over the other is not justification for making a change.
    • BCE and CE or BC and AD are written in upper case, unspaced, without periods (full stops), and separated from the year number by a space (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). It is advisable to use a non-breaking space.
    • ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt may appear before or after a year (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); the other abbreviations appear after (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
    • Do not use CE or AD unless required to avoid ambiguity (e.g. "The Norman Conquest took place in ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt" not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt nor ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). On the other hand, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt will avoid unnecessary confusion. Also, in ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt the era marker makes it clear that "55" does not refer to his age. Alternatively, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
    • Use either the BCಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NdashAD or the BCEಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NdashCE notation consistently within the same article. Exception: do not change direct quotations.
• Uncalibrated (bce) radiocarbon dates: Some source materials will indicate whether a date is calibrated or not simply by a change in capitalisation; this is often a source of confusion for the unwary reader. Do not give uncalibrated radiocarbon dates (represented by the lower-case bce unit, occasionally bc or b.c. in some sources), except in directly quoted material, and even then include a footnote, a square-bracketed editor's note [like this], or other indication to the reader what the calibrated date is, or at least that the date is uncalibrated. Calibrated and uncalibrated dates can diverge surprisingly widely, and the average reader does not recognise the distinction between bce and BCE or BC.
• BP: In scientific and academic contexts, BP (before present) is often used. This is calibrated from January 1, 1950, not from the date of publication, though the latter introduces an insignificant error when the date is distant or an approximation (18,000ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspBP). BP years are given as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or spelled out as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, or similar). Do not convert other notations to or from BP unless you are certain of what you are doing. A safer and simpler alternative may be to use "ya (years ago)".
• Other era systems may be appropriate in an article. In such cases, dates should be followed by a conversion to Dionysian (or vice versa) and the first instance should be linked: "Qasr-al-Khalifa was built in 221ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspAH (836ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspCE)" or "in 836ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspAD (221ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspAH)".
  • Astronomical year numbering follows the Common Era and does not require conversion, but the first instance of a non-positive year should still be linked: "ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt"

Julian and Gregorian calendars

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:See also A date can be given in any appropriate calendar, as long it is (at the minimum) given in the Julian calendar or the Gregorian calendar or both, as described below. For example, an article on the early history of Islam may give dates in both Islamic and Julian calendars. Where a calendar other than the Julian or Gregorian is used, the article must make this clear.

• Current events are dated using the Gregorian calendar.
• Dates of events in countries using the Gregorian calendar at that time are given in the Gregorian calendar. This includes some of the Continent of Europe from 1582, the British Empire from 14ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspSeptember 1752, and Russia from 14ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspFebruary 1918 (see Gregorian calendar).
• Dates before 15ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspOctober 1582 (when the Gregorian calendar was adopted) are normally given in the Julian calendar. The Julian day and month should not be converted to the Gregorian calendar, but the start of the Julian year should be assumed to be 1ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspJanuary (see below for more details).
• Dates for Roman history before 45ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspBC are given in the Roman calendar, which was neither Julian nor Gregorian. When (rarely) the Julian equivalent is certain, it may be included.
• For dates in early Egyptian and Mesopotamian history, Julian or Gregorian equivalents are often uncertain. Follow the consensus of reliable sources, or indicate their divergence.

The dating method used should follow that used by reliable secondary sources (or if reliable sources disagree, that used most commonly, with an explanatory footnote). At some places and times, the new year began on a date other than 1ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspJanuary. For example, in England and its colonies until 1752, the year began on Annunciation Day, 25ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspMarch; see the New Year article for other styles. In writing about historical events, however, years should be assumed to have begun on 1ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspJanuary (see the example of the execution of Charles I in "Differences in the start of the year"); if there is reason to use another start-of-year date, this should be noted. If there is a need to mention Old or New Style dates in an article (as in the Glorious Revolution), a footnote should be provided on the first usage, stating whether the New Style refers to a start of year adjustment or to the Gregorian calendar (it can mean either).

Ranges

• A pure yearಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashyear range is written (as is any range) using an en dash (– or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T), not a hyphen or slash; this dash is usually unspaced (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's "end" year is usually abbreviated to two digits:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Hanging indent

But both years are given in full in the following cases:

• birthಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashdeath parentheticals: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
• different centuries: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
• starting year before 1000ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspAD: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt);ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Markup: 1011ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T922ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:TBC

• spanning from BC/BCE to AD/CE: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (note spaced en dash)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Hanging indent

Notes:

• Periods straddling two different years, including sports seasons, are generally written with the range notation (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt). The slash notation (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) may be used to signify a fiscal year or other special period, if that convention is used in reliable sources.
• A range of sports seasons in an infobox may also be written as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

• Other "pure" ranges use an unspaced en dash as well:

• dayಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashday: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
• monthಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashmonth: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp (but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt uses a spaced en dashಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbsee below)

• If either or both of the items being linked are in a "mixed" format (containing two or more of month, day, year) a spaced en dash (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T) is used:

• between specific dates in different months: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
• between dates in different years:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Hanging indent

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• between months in different years: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Hanging indent

• For a person still living: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
• An overnight period may be expressed using a slash between two contiguous dates: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

Or use an en dash: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

• Use a dash, or a word such as from or between, but not both: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt);ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)

Use date mathematics templates for age calculations in infoboxes and so on; see Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biographies.

Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates

• To indicate around, approximately, or about, the use of the spaced, unitalicised form ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (or the ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T template) is preferred over ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• Where both endpoints of a range are approximate, c. should appear before each date:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)

• Where birth/death dates have been extrapolated from known dates of activity:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• When a person is known to have been active ("flourishing") during certain years, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, [[floruit|fl.]], or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl may be used:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

The linked forms should not be used on disambiguation pages, and "active" followed by the range is a better alternative for artists, soldiers and other persons with an occupation.

• When a date is known to be either of two years (e.g. from a regnal or AH year conversion, or a known age at death):

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• Other forms of uncertainty should be expressed in words, either in article text or in a footnote: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. Do not use a question mark (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) for such purposes, as this fails to communicate the nature of the uncertainty.

Other periods

Days of the week

• Days of the week are capitalized (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Months

• Months are normally expressed as capitalized whole words (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• Write ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• Three-letter abbreviations such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt should be used only where space is limited, such as in tables and infoboxes. An abbreviated month should not be followed by a period (full stop) except at the end of a sentence.

• Do not express months as numbers (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).

• An exception is the ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap format e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt for March 5, 2001 (but note that this format has restricted useಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbsee ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link).
• Do not use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap format, because it can be mistaken for a range of years (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, if used to denote March 2001, may be misread as referring to the years ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr).

Seasons

• Seasons are uncapitalized (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) except when personified: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Using seasons to refer to a particular time of year, for example, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt is ambiguous. This is because northern and southern hemisphere seasons are six months out of phase, and many areas near the equator instead have wet and dry seasons.
• Consider instead ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Using seasons is appropriate in instances like these: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

Decades

• To refer to a decade as a chronological period per se (not with reference to a social era or cultural phenomenon) always use four digits (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, but not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, and definitely not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).

• Prefixes should be hyphenated (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• For a social era or cultural phenomenon associated with a particular decade:

• Two digits (with a preceding apostrophe) may be used as an alternative to four digits, but only if this is a well-established phrase seen in reliable sources (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, and do not write ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• A third alternative (where seen in reliable sources) is to spell the decade out, capitalized: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Centuries and millennia

• Treat the 1st century AD as years ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr, the 17th century as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr, and the second millennium as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr; similarly, the 1st century BC/BCE was ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr BC/BCE, the 17th century was ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr BC/BCE, and the second millennium ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr BC/BCE.
  • The 18th century (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr) and the 1700s (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr) are not the same period.
  • When using forms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ensure there is no ambiguity as to whether e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr, or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr, is meant.
  • Note that the sequence of years runs ...ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp2ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspBC, 1ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspBC, 1ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspAD, 2ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:NbspADಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp...ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbthere is no "year 0".
• Centuries and millennia are identified using either figures (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) or words (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt). When used adjectivally they contain a hyphen (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt). Do not capitalize (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).

• See WP:ENDASH for use of hyphens and dashes in obscure situations.

Abbreviations for long periods of time

• When the term is frequent, combine the abbreviations "yr" for "years" and "ya" for "years ago" with prefixes "k" for "thousand" (kya, kyr), "m" for "million" (mya, myr), and "b" for "billion" (bya, byr).
• In academic contexts, annum-based units are often used: "ka" (kiloannum), "Ma" (megaannum) and "Ga" (gigaannum). Some authorities, such as the British Museum, simply spell out "years ago".
• For any of these abbreviations, show the meaning parenthetically on first occurrence and again where use is extensive,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Huh or might be a standalone topic of interest. For source quotations use square brackets, as in ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Numbers

Numbers as figures or words

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut See also information on specific situations, elsewhere in this guideline. Generally, in article text:

• Integers from zero to nine are spelled out in words
• Integers greater than nine expressible in one or two words may be expressed either in numerals or in words (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt). In spelling out numbers, "components" from 21 to 99 are hyphenated; larger ones are not (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Other numbers are given in numerals (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) or in forms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. Markup: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap

• billion and trillion are understood to represent their short-scale values of 10⁹ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp(1,000,000,000) and 10¹²ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp(1,000,000,000,000), respectively.
• M (unspaced) and bn (unspaced) may be used for million and billion after spelling out the first occurrence (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• SI prefixes and symbols, such as giga- (G) and tera- (T), should be restricted to use in scientific and engineering expressions.
• Sometimes, the variety of English used in an article may call for the use of a numbering system other than the Western thousands-based system. For example, the South Asian numbering system is conventionಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shyally used in South Asian English. In those situations, link the first spelled-out instance of each quantity (e.g. [[crore]], which yields crore). (If no instances are spelled out, provide a note after the first instance directing the reader to the article about the numbering system.) Also, provide a conversion to Western numbers for the first instance of each quantity, and provide conversions for subsequent instances if they do not overwhelm the content of the article. For example, write ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. Group digits in Western thousands-based style (e.g., ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt): see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link below. (Note that the variety of English does not uniquely determine the method of numbering in an article. Other considerations, such as conventions used in mathematics, science and engineering, may also apply, and the choice and order of formats and conversions is a matter of editorial discretion and consensus.)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Anchorಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut Notes and exceptions:

• In tables and infoboxes, quantities are expressed in figures (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); but numbers within a table's explanatory text and comments follow the general rule.
• Numbers in mathematical formulae are never spelled out (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• Comparable quantities should be all spelled out or all in figures:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (even though 3 would normally be given as three) or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (even though two hundred six would normally be given as 206), not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

• But adjacent quantities not comparable should usually be in different formats: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.

• Avoid awkward juxtapositions: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

• Ages are typically stated in figures (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) except for large, approximate values (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Sometimes figures and words carry different meanings; for example ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt implies there is a single exception (we don't know which), while ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt means that Locker 1 (only) was not searched.
• Proper names, technical terms, and the like are never altered:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp

• Avoid beginning a sentence with figures:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 Not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 Not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap (nor ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrapಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Snd because comparable numbers should be both written in words or both in figures) but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap

• Exception: Where a proper name, technical term, etc., itself beginning with a numeral, opens the sentence (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) although this can usually be avoided by rewording (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Ordinals

• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:AnchorOrdinal suffixes (st, nd, rd, th) are not superscripted (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt nor ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• Do not use a dot (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) or the ordinal mark (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) to indicate ordinals.

Fractions

• Spelled-out fractions are hyphenated: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Where numerator and denominator can each be expressed in one word, a fraction is usually spelled out (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); use figures if they occur with an abbreviated unit (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashmarkup: {{frac|1|4}} yd, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• Mixed numbers are usually given in figures, unspaced (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashmarkup: 8{{frac|1|2}}). In any case the integer and fractional parts should be consistent (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• Metric (SI) measurements generally use decimals, not fractions (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• Non-metric (imperial and US customary) measurements may use fractions or decimals (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); the practice of reliable sources should be followed, and within-article consistency is desirable.
• In science and mathematics articles mixed numbers are rarely used (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) and use of ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T is discouraged in favor of one of these styles:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 $\frac{1}{2}$ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp Markup: <math>\textstyle\frac{1}{2}</math>

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp Markup: {{sfrac|2}}

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp Markup: 1/2

• Do not use special characters such as ½ (Markup (deprecated): ½ or ½).
• Ordinal suffixes such as th should not be used with fractions expressed in figures (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Nouns following simple fractions are singular (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Nouns following mixed numbers are plural (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Decimals

• A period/full stop (never a comma) is used as the decimal point (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• The number of decimal places should be consistent within a list or context (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), unless different precisions are actually intended.
• Numbers between −1 and +1 require a leading zero (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt); exceptions are sporting performance averages (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) and commonly used terms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Nouns following a number expressed as a decimal are plural (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Indicate repeating digits with an overbar e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap gives ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. (Consider explaining this notation on first use.) Do not write e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr because it resembles notations for ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link.

Grouping of digits

• Left of the decimal point: Five or more digits should be grouped (and exactly four digits may optionally be grouped) into triples separated by commas (never period/full stop): ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (optionally ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• Exception: never group four-digit page numbers or four-digit calendar years' (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, though ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• In scientific/engineering articles, long strings left of the point may be grouped into triples: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• Right of the decimal point: Five or more digits may be grouped into triples separated by spaces: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

• In mathematics-oriented articles, digits right of the point may be grouped into fives: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

Delimiting style should be consistent throughout a given article. Markup: Templates ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T may be useful in grouping digits. Use of hard-coded spaces, such as the regular space character, the non-breaking space ( ), and the thin space (  or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T), is problematic for screen readers because they read out each group of digits as separate numbers (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt is read as "thirty zero zero zero").

Percentages

• In the body of non-scientific/non-technical articles, percent (American English) or per cent (British English) are commonly used: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. Ranges are written ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• In the body of scientific/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwsptechnical articles, and in tables and infoboxes of any article, the symbol % (unspaced) is more common: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt. Ranges: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• When expressing the difference between two percentages, do not confuse a percentage change with a change in percentage points.

Scientific and engineering notation

• Scientific notation always has a single nonzero digit to the left of the point: not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Engineering notation is similar, but adjusted so that the exponent is a multiple of three: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• Avoid mixing scientific and engineering notations (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• In a table column (or other presentation) in which all values can be expressed with a single power of 10, consider giving e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt once in the column header, and omitting it in the individual entries. (Markup:× 10{{sup|7}})
• In both notations, the number of digits indicates the precision. For example, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt means rounded to the nearest thousand; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to the nearest hundred; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to the nearest ten; and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt to the nearest unit.

Markup: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T may be used to format exponential notation.

Uncertainty and rounding

• Where explicit uncertainty information (such as a "margin of error") is available and appropriate for inclusion, it may be written in various ways:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not used with scientific notation)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (equivalent to ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Val)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Markup: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T, and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T may be used to format uncertainties.

• Where explicit uncertainty is unavailable (or is unimportant for the article's purposes) round to an appropriate number of significant digits; the precision presented should usually be conservative. Precise values (often given in sources for formal or matter-of-record reasons) should be used only where stable and appropriate to the context, or significant in themselves for some special reason.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashban official figure unlikely to be accurate at full precision)

but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (Unusual case in which the full-precision official population figure is helpful to readers.)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (Likely that accurate and precise figures were determined.)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (Unlikely that any precise number can be accurate, even if an official figure is issued.)

or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (In reporting conflicting information, give detail sufficient to make the contrast intelligible.)

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (where the actual figure was $8,462,247.63)ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• It may sometimes be appropriate to note the lack of uncertainty information, especially where such information is normally provided and necessary for full interpretation of the figures supplied.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• The ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl template may be added to figures appearing to be overprecise.
• Avoid using "approximately", "about and similar terms with figures that have merely been approximated or rounded in a normal and expected way, unless the reader might otherwise be misled.

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5 ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobrಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbheights are conventionally reported only to the nearest inch, even though greater precision may be available in principle).

but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

• The reader may be assumed to interpret large round numbers (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) as approximations. Writing a quantity in words (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) can further emphasize its approximate nature.
• See ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link below for precision issues when converting units.

Non-base-10 notations

• In computer-related articles, use the C programming language prefixes 0x (zero-ex) for hexadecimal and 0 (zero) for octal. For binary, use 0b. Explain these prefixes in the article's introduction or on first use.
• In all other articles, use <sub> to create subscripts: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. Markup: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
• For bases above 10, use symbols conventional for that base (as seen in reliable sources) e.g. for base 16 use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr.

Units of measurement

Choice of units

Quantities are typically expressed using an appropriate "main" unit, in some cases followed by a conversion to other units in parentheses. For use of such conversions, see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link below.

• In most articles, including all scientific articles, the main units chosen will be SI units, non-SI units officially accepted for use with the SI, or such other units as are conventional in reliable-source discussions of the article topic (such as revolutions per minute (rpm) for angular speed, hands for heights of horses, etc.) Example: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. The following exceptions apply:
• In non-scientific articles relating to the United States, the main units are US customary, e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• In non-scientific articles relating to the United Kingdom, the main units for most quantities are metric or other internationally used units, except that:
  • the main units for distance/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwsplength, speed and fuel consumption are miles, miles per hour, and miles per imperial gallon (except for short distances or lengths, where miles are too large for practical use);
  • the main units for personal height and weight are feetಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwsp/inches and stones/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwsppounds;
  • imperial pints are used for quantities of draught beer/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwspcider and bottled milk;
  • UK engineering-related articles, including all bridges and tunnels, generally use the system of units that the topic was drawn-up in (but road distances are given in imperial units, with a metric conversion).

Special considerations:

• Quantities set via definition (as opposed to measured quantities) should be given first in the units used in the definition, even if this makes the structure of presentation inconsistent: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
  • This may benefit from a slightly non-standard structure, such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. In this sort of case, using "about" can help make clear which is the statutory, exact value.
• Nominal quantities (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap lumber) require consideration of whether the article is concerned with the item's actual dimensions or merely with its function. In some cases only the nominal quantity may suffice; in others it may be necessary to give the nominal size (often in non-SI units), the actual size in non-SI units, and the actual size in SI units.
• Where the primary units in the article are different from the primary units in the source, ensure that the precision of the converted quantity in the article is comparable to the precision of the quantity from the source (see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link below). The ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl template has a |disp=flip flag, which tells it to treat the converted unit as primary and the original unit as secondary, for use in such situations.

Unit names and symbols

Definitions:

• Examples of unit names: foot, meter, kilometer.
• Examples of unit symbols: ft, m, km.

• Unit names and symbols should follow the practice of reliable sources.
• In prose, unit names should be given in full if used only a few times, but symbols may be used when a unit (especially one with a long name) is used repeatedly, after spelling out the first use (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• Certain unit names (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) need never be written in full unless required stylistically (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

• Where space is limited, such as in tables, infoboxes, parenthetical notes, and mathematical formulas, unit symbols are preferable.
• Units unfamiliar to general readers should be presented as a nameಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashsymbol pair (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Ranges use unspaced ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T if only one unit symbol is used at the end (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), and spaced en dash (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl) if two symbols are used (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); ranges in prose may be specified using either unit symbol or unit names, and units may be stated either after both numerical values or after the last (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt are all acceptable).
• Lengthಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashwidth, lengthಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashwidthಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashheight and similar dimensions may be separated by the multiplication sign (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) or the word by.
  • With the multiplication sign, each number should be followed by a unit name or symbol (if appropriate):

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• With by the unit need be given only once: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
• The unspaced letter ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt may be used in common terms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

Unit names and symbols—General guidelines

Aspect	Guideline	Acceptable	Unacceptable
Spelling	The spelling of certain unit names (some of which are listed in ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link, below) varies with the variety of English followed by the article.
Format	Do not spell out numbers before unit symbolsಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp...	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	...ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspbut words or numerals may be used with unit names.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Values not accompanied by units are usually given in figures.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Write unit names and symbols in upright roman type.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Unit names are given in lower case except: where any word would be capitalಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shyized; where otherwise specified in the SI brochure; where otherwise specified in this Manual of Style.ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Clarify	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	Except as listed in the "Specific units" table below, unit symbols are uncapiಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shytalಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shyized unless they are derived from a proper name, in which case the first letter (of the base unit name, not of any prefix) is capitalized.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Unit symbols are undotted.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	Except as shown in the "Specific units" table below, a space appears between a numeric value and a unit name or symbol. In the case of unit symbols,   (or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Px1) should be used to prevent linebreak.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt Markup: 29 kg	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	To form a value and a unit name into a compound adjective use a hyphen or hyphensಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp...	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	... but a non-breaking space (never hyphen) separates a value and unit symbol.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
Plurals	SI unit names are pluralized by adding s or es...	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	... except for these irregular forms.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Some non-SI units have irregular plurals.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Unit symbols (in any system) are identical in singular and plural.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
Powers	Format exponents using <sup>, not special characters.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt Markup: km<sup>2</sup>	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt Markup: km&#178;
	Or use squared or cubed (after the unit being modified).	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	For areas or volumes only, square or cubic may be used (before the unit being modified).		ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
		ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	The abbreviations sq and cu may be used for US customary and imperial units but not for SI units.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
Products	Indicate a product of unit names with either a hyphen or a space.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Indicate a product of unit symbols with &middot; or &nbsp; (Note: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T is not equivalent to &middot;.)	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Exception: In some topic areas such as power engineerಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shying, certain products take neither space nor &middot;. Follow the practice of reliable sources in the article's topic area.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	To pluralize a product of unit names, pluralize only the final unit. (Unit symbols are never pluralized.)	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
Ratios Rates Densities	Indicate a ratio of unit names with per.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	Indicate a ratio of unit symbols with a slash (followed by either a single symbol or a parenthesized product of symbolsಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbdo not use multiple slashes); or useಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp−1,ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp−2, etc.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
		ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	To pluralize a ratio of unit names, pluralize only the "numerator" unit. (Unit symbols are never pluralized.)	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Some of the special forms used in the imperial and US customary systems are shown hereಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp...	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	... but only the slash or negative exponent notations are used with SI (and other metric) units.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
Prefixes	Prefixes should not be separated by a space or hyphen.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	Prefixes are added without contraction, except as shown here:	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	centi-, deci-, deca-, and hecto- should be avoided; exceptions include centimetre, decibel, hectolitre, hectare, hectopascal.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	Do not use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt for 103, MM for 106, or B for 109.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
Mixed units	Mixed units are traditionally used with the imperial and US customary systemsಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp…	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Anchorಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	... and in expressing time durationsಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp...	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist
	… but are not normally used in SI.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt
	No comma.	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt

Note to table: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Reflist

Specific units

• The following table lists only units that need special attention.
• The SI standard should be consulted for guidance on use of other SI units. "Tables 6, 7, 8, and 9" give additional guidance on non-SI units.

Guidelines on specific units

Group	Name	Symbol	Comment
Length, Speed	inch	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Do not use ′ (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), ″ (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), apostrophe/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwspsingle quote (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) or double quote (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
	foot	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	foot per second	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
	hand	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Equal to 4 inches; used in measurement of horses. A dot may be followed by additional inches e.g. 16.2 hh indicates 16 hands 2 inches.
	knot	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	micron	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)	Markup: μmಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp Link to micrometre (for which micron is a synonym) on first use.
	mile	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	In nautical and aeronautical contexts use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt rather than mile to avoid confusion with nautical mile.
	mile per hour	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	nautical mile	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
Volume, Flow	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Markup: cm<sup>3</sup>
		ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Non-SI symbol used for certain engine displacements; link to cubic centimetre on first use.
	imperial fluid ounce	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	US or imperial/imp must be specified; fluid/fl must be specified, except withಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspgallon. (Without fluid, ounce is ambiguousಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Sndversus avoirdupois ounce or troy ounceಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Sndand pint or quart is ambiguousಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Sndversus US dry pint or US dry quart.)
	imperial fluid pint	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	imperial fluid quart	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	imperial gallon	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	US fluid ounce	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	US fluid pint	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	US fluid quart	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	US gallon	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	cubic foot	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)	Write ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
	cubic foot per second	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	The symbol l in isolation (i.e. not in such forms as ml) is easily mistaken for the digit 1.
Mass, Force, Density, Pressure	long ton	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Spell out in full.
	short ton	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	pound per square inch	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	troy ounce	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	t or troy must be specified. Articles about precious metals, black powder, and gemstones should always specify whether ounces and pounds are avoirdupois or troy.
	troy pound	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	carat	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Used to express masses of gemstones and pearls.
Purity	carat or karat	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	A measure of purity for gold alloys. (Do not confuse with the unit of mass with the same spelling.)
Time	second	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Do not use &prime; (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), &Prime; (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt), apostrophe (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) or quote (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) for minutes or seconds. Use m for minute only where there is no danger of confusion with meter, as in the hoursಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashminutesಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Ndashseconds formats for time durations described in the Unit names and symbols table.
	minute	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	hour	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
	year	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Use a only with an SI prefix (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
		ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
Information	bit	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr	See also ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link, below.
	byte	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	bit per second	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
	byte per second	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
Angle
	arcminute	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Markup: &prime;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp (not apostrophe/ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Zwspsingle quoteಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). No space between numerals and symbol ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	arcsecond	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Markup: &Prime;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp (not double-quoteಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). No space between numerals and symbol ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	degree	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	Markup: &deg;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp (not masculine ordinal ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ring ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xtಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Thinsp). No space between numerals and symbol ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
Temperature	degree		Markup: &deg;. Nonbreaking space (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl) between numerals and symbol ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	degree Celsius ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt (not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt)
Energy	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt	In certain subject areas calorie is conventionಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shyally used alone. Articles following this practice should specify either gram calorie (or small calorie) or kilogram calorie (or large calorie) on first use; providing conversions to SI units (usually gram calories to joules and kilogram calories to kilojoules) may also be useful. A kilogram calorie is 1000 gram calories, and is therefore also a kilocalorie (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); other SI prefixes may be used with the gram calorie (e.g., ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) but not with the kilogram calorie (do not use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Plainlist	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

Quantities of bytes and bits

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut In quantities of bits and bytes, the prefixes kilo (symbol k or K), mega (M), giga (G), tera (T), etc. are ambiguous. They may be based on a decimal system (like the standard SI prefixes), meaning 10³, 10⁶, 10⁹, 10¹², etc., or they may be based on a binary system, meaning 2¹⁰, 2²⁰, 2³⁰, 2⁴⁰, etc. The binary meanings are more commonly used in relation to solid-state memory (such as RAM), while the decimal meanings are more common for data transmission rates, disk storage and in theoretical calculations in modern academic textbooks. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Bit and byte prefixes Follow these recommendations when using these prefixes in Wikipedia articles:

• Following the SI standard, a lower-case ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt should be used for "kilo-" whenever it means 1000 in computing contexts, whereas a capital ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt should be used instead to indicate the binary prefix for 1024 according to JEDEC. (If, under the exceptions detailed further below, the article otherwise uses IEC prefixes for binary units, use ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt instead).
• Do not assume that the binary or decimal meaning of prefixes will be obvious to everyone. Explicitly specify the meaning of k and K as well as the primary meaning of M, G, T, etc. in an article (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl is a convenient helper). Consistency within each article is desirable, but the need for consistency may be balanced with other considerations.
• The definition most relevant to the article should be chosen as primary for that article, e.g. specify a binary definition in an article on RAM, decimal definition in an article on hard drives, bit rates, and a binary definition for Windows file sizes, despite files usually being stored on hard drives.
• Where consistency is not possible, specify wherever there is a deviation from the primary definition.
• Disambiguation should be shown in bytes or bits, with clear indication of whether in binary or decimal base. There is no preference in the way to indicate the number of bytes and bits, but the notation style should be consistent within an article. Acceptable examples include:

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5•ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:In5ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt

• Avoid inconsistent combinations such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt. Footnotes, such as those seen in ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nowrap, may be used for disambiguation.
• Unless explicitly stated otherwise, one byte is eight bits (see History of byte).

The IEC prefixes kibi-, mebi-, gibi-, etc. (symbols Ki, Mi, Gi, etc.) are rarely used, even in technical articles, so are generally not to be used except:

• when the majority of cited sources on the article topic use IEC prefixes,
• in a direct quote using the IEC prefixes,
• when explicitly discussing the IEC prefixes,
• in articles in which both types of prefix are used with neither clearly primary, or in which converting all quantities to one or the other type would be misleading or lose necessary precision, or declaring the actual meaning of a unit on each use would be impractical.

Unit conversions

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut Where English-speaking countries use different units for the same quantity, follow the "primary" quantity with a conversion in parentheses: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. In science-related articles, however, supplying such conversion is not required unless there is some special reason to do so.

• Where an imperial unit is not part of the US customary system, or vice-versaಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashband in particular, where those systems give a single term different definitionsಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashba double conversion may be appropriate: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt
• Generally, conversions to and from metric units and US or imperial units should be provided, except:
  • When inserting a conversion would make a common or linked expression awkward (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
  • When units are part of the subject of a topicಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbnautical miles in articles about the history of nautical law (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), SI units in scientific articles (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), yards in articles about American footballಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbit can be excessive to provide conversions every time a unit occurs. It could be best to note that this topic will use the units (possibly giving the conversion factor to another familiar unit in a parenthetical note or a footnote), and link the first occurrence of each unit but not give a conversion every time it occurs.
• Converted quantity values should use a level of precision similar to that of the source quantity value, so ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt. Small numbers may need to be converted to a range where rounding would cause a significant distortion, so ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt. Be careful especially when your source has already converted from the units you're now converting back to. This may be evidenced by multiples of common conversion factors in the data, such as 160 km (from 100 miles). See false precision.
• Conversion templates can be used to convert and format many common units, including ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T1, which includes non-breaking spaces.
• In a direct quotation, always retain the source units. Any conversions can be supplied either in the quote itself (in square brackets, following the original measurement) or in a footnote. See footnoting and citing sources.
• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T may be added to articles needing general attention regarding choice of units and unit conversions.

Currencies and monetary values

Choice of currency

• In country-specific articles, such as Economy of Australia, use the currency of the subject country.
• In non-country-specific articles such as Wealth, use US dollars (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), euros (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), or pounds sterling (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Currency names

• Do not capitalize the names of currencies, currency subdivisions, coins and banknotes except e.g. at the start of a sentence.
• To pluralize euro use the standard English plurals (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), not the invariant plurals used for European Union legislation and banknotes (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt). For the adjectival form, use a hyphenated singular: (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Link the first occurrence of lesser-known currencies (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).

Currency symbols

• In general, the first mention of a particular currency should use its full, unambiguous signifier (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), with subsequent references using just the appropriate symbol (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), unless this would be unclear. Exceptions:

• In an article referring to multiple currencies represented by the same symbol (e.g. the dollars of the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countriesಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Sndsee ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link) use the full signifier (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) each time, except (possibly) where a particular context makes this both unnecessary and undesirable.
• In articles entirely on EU-, UK- and/or US-related topics, all occurrences may be shortened (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt), unless this would be unclear.

• The pound sterling is represented by the ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt symbol, with one horizontal bar. The double-barred ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt symbol is ambiguous, as it has also been used for the Italian lira and other currencies. For non-British currencies that use pounds or a pound symbol (e.g. the Irish pound, IR£) use the symbol conventionಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shyally preferred for that currency.
• If there is no common English abbreviation or symbol, follow the ISO 4217 standard. See also List of circulating currencies.

Format

• A period (full stop) is used as the decimal pointಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbnever a comma (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt).
• For the grouping of digits (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt) see ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link, above.
• Do not place a currency symbol after the accompanying numeric figures (e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) unless that is the normal convention for that currency when writing in English.ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Clarify Never use forms such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• Currency abbreviations that come before the numeric value are unspaced if they consist of a nonalphabetic symbol only, or end in a symbol (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt;ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbsp ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt); but spaced if alphabetic (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt).
• Ranges should be expressed giving the currency signifier just once: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• million and billion should be spelled out on first use, and (optionally) abbreviated M or bn (both unspaced) thereafter: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt; ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.
• In general, a currency symbol should be accompanied by a numeric amount e.g. not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt but ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt or ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt.

• Exceptions may occur in tables and infoboxes where space is limited e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt. It may be appropriate to wikilink such uses, or add an explanatory note.

Conversions

• Conversions of less-familiar currencies may be provided in terms of more familiar currenciesಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbsuch as the US dollar, euro or pound sterlingಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbusing an appropriate rate (which is often not the current exchange rate). Conversions should be in parentheses after the original currency, rounding to avoid false precision (two significant digits is usually sufficient, as most exchange rates fluctuate significantly), with at least the year given as a rough point of conversion rate reference; e.g. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Xt, not ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt.
• For obsolete currencies, provide an equivalent (formatted as a conversion) if possible, in the modern replacement currency (e.g. decimal pounds for historical pre-decimal pounds-and-shillings), or a US-dollar equivalent where there is no modern equivalent.
• In some cases it may be appropriate to provide a conversion accounting for inflation or deflation over time. See ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T.

Common mathematical symbols

• This is not an complete list of symbols that may be used.
• Spaces are placed to left and right when a symbol is used with ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr, but no space with ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
• The ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T and ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:T templates may be useful in preventing awkward linebreaks in mathematical material.

Common mathematical symbols

Symbol name	Example	Markup	Comments
Plus / positive	x + y	''x'' + ''y''
	+y	+''y''
Minus / negative	x − y	''x'' − ''y''	Do not use hyphen (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt) or dashes (ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:!xt ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nobr
	−y	−''y''
Plus-minus / minus-plus	41.5 ± 0.3	41.5 ± 0.3
	−(±a) = ∓a	−(±''a'') = ∓''a''
Multiplication, cross	x × y	''x'' × ''y''	Do not use the letter "x" to indicate multiplication. However, an unspaced "x" may be used as a substitute for "by" in common terms such as "4x4".
Division, obelus	x ÷ y	''x'' ÷ ''y''
Equal / equals	x = y	''x'' = ''y''
Not equal	x ≠ y	''x'' ≠ ''y''
Approx. equal	ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Pi ≈ 3.14	{{pi}} ≈ 3.14
Less than	x < y	''x'' &lt; ''y''
L.T. or equal	x ≤ y	''x'' &le; ''y''
Greater than	x > y	''x'' &gt; ''y''
G.T. or equal	x ≥ y	''x'' &ge; ''y''

Geographical coordinates

ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Shortcut

For draft guidance on, and examples of, coordinates for linear features, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates/Linear.

Quick guide:

Geographical coordinates on Earth should be entered using a template to standardise the format and to provide a link to maps of the coordinates. As long as the templates are adhered to, a robot performs the functions automatically. First, obtain the coordinates. Avoid excessive precision. Two types of template are available:

• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl offers users a choice of display format through user styles, emits a Geo microformat, and is recognised (in the title position) by the "nearby" feature of Wikipedia's mobile apps and by external partners such as Google (-Maps and -Earth) and Yahoo.
• Infoboxes such as ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl, which automatically emit ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl.

The following formats are available.

• For degrees only (including decimal values): ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlc
• For degrees/minutes: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlc
• For degrees/minutes/seconds: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tlc

where:

• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var are the degrees, minutes and seconds, respectively;
• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var is either N for northern or S for southern latitudes;
• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var is either E for eastern or W for western longitudes;
• negative values may be used in lieu of S and W to denote southern and western hemispheres

For example: The city of Oslo, located at 59° 55′ N, 10° 44′ E, enter:

{{coord|59|55|N|10|44|E}}ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbwhich becomes ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Coord

For a country, like Botswana, less precision is appropriate:

{{coord|22|S|24|E}}ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbwhich becomes ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Coord

Higher levels of precision are obtained by using seconds:

{{coord|33|56|24|N|118|24|00|W}}ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbwhich becomes ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Coord

Coordinates can be entered as decimal values

{{coord|33.94|S|118.40|W}}ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Mdashbwhich becomes ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Coord

Increasing or decreasing the number of decimal places controls the precision. Trailing zeros should be used as needed to ensure that both values have the same level of precision. London Heathrow Airport, Amsterdam, Jan Mayen and Mount Baker are examples of articles that contain geographical coordinates. Generally, the larger the object being mapped, the less precise the coordinates should be. For example, if just giving the location of a city, precision greater than 100ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspmeters is not needed unless specifying a particular point in the city, for example the central administrative building. Specific buildings or other objects of similar size would justify precisions down to 10ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspmeters or even one meter in some cases (1′′ ~15ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspm to 30ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspm, 0.0001° ~5.6ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspm to 10ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Nbspm). The final field, following the E/W, is available for attributes such as type, region and scale. When adding coordinates, please remove the ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl tag from the article, if present. For more information, see the geographical coordinates WikiProject. Templates other than ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Tl should use the following variable names for coordinates: ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var, ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Var.

See also

• Wikipedia:Naming conventions (numbers and dates)
• Wikipedia:Date formattings
• m:Help:Date formatting feature at Meta
• ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟು:Section link at Meta